Adverbial Clause

Adverbial clause is a clause (the clause) that functions as an adverb, which describes a verb.
Adverbial clause is usually classified based on the "meaning / intent" of the conjunction (conjunctions which preceded it).

The types of adverbial clause include:

A. Clause of Time
Clause which shows the time. Usually made by using the conjunction (connecting word) such as after, before, no Sooner, while, as, etc..
Example:
• Shut the door before you go out.
• You may begin when (ever) you are ready.
• While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
• By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.
• No Sooner than he had Entered she gave an order.

2. Clause of Place
Clause that indicates the place. Usually made by using the conjunction as where, nowhere, anywhere, Wherever, etc..
Example:
• They sat down Wherever They Could find empty seats
• The guard Stood where he was positioned.
• Where there is a will, there is a way.
• Where there is poverty, there we find Discontent and Unrest.
• Go where you like.

3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
Clause that indicates the existence of a conflict between two events or events that are related. Usually made by using the conjunction (connecting word) such as although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, etc..
Example:
• As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.
• Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
• Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
• He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.

4. Clause of Manner
Clause which shows how the cars work is done or event occurs. Usually made by using the conjunction (connecting word) such as, how, like, in that, etc..
Example:
• He did as I told him.
• You may finish it how you like.
• They may beat us again, like They did in 1978.

5. Clause of Purpose and Result
Clause which shows the relationship intentions / objectives and outcomes. Usually made by using conjunctions such as (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, etc..
Example:
• They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
• She bought a book so (that) Could she learn English
• He is saving his money so That he may take a long vacation.
• I am working night and day in the hope that i can finish this book soon.

6. Clause of Cause and Effect
Clause indicating cause and effect relationships. There are some patterns to form this type of clause. Take a good look.
Example:
• Ryan ran so fast That he broke the previous speed record.
• It was so cold yesterday that i did not want to swim.
• The soup tastes so good That everyone will ask for more.
• The student had behaved so badly That he was dismissed from the class.
Example:
• The Smiths had so many children That They formed Their Own baseball team.
• I had so few job offers That It was not difficult, to select one.
Example:
• He has invested so much money in the project That he can not abandon it now.
• The grass received so little water That it turned brown in the heat.
Example:
• It was a hot day Such That We Decided to stay indoors. OR It was so hot a day That We Decided to stay indoors.
• It was an interesting book Such That he could not put it down. OR It was so interesting a book That he could not put it down.
Example:
• She has Such exceptional Abilities That everyone is jealous of her.
• They are Such beautiful pictures That everybody will want one.
• Such Perry has had bad luck That he's Decided not to gamble.
• This is difficult, homework Such That I will never finish it.

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In addition, to reveal the cause and effect relationships (cause and effect) can be used another pattern, namely:

A. Using preposition (preposition) like Because of, due to, due to the fact that, etc..
Example:
• Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (= We stayed home Because of the cold weather)
• Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (= We stayed home due to the cold weather)
• Due to the fact That the weather was cold, we stayed home. (= We stayed home due to the fact That the weather was cold)

2. Using conjunctions (conjunction) as Because, since, now, that, as, as long as, inasmuch as
Example:
• Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
• Since he's not interested in classical music, he Decided not to go to the concert.
• As she had nothing in particular to do, she called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take in a movie.
• Inasmuch as the two government leaders reach an agreement Could not, the possibilities for peace are still remote.

3. Use transition words such as therefore, consequently.
Example:
• Alex failed the test Because he did not study.
• Alex did not study. Therefore, he failed the test.
• Alex did not study. Consequently, he failed the test.
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Note:
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Some of the adverb clause can be changed to Modifying Phrases by:

1) Eliminate the subject of the dependent clause and the verb (be).
Example:
a. Adverb clause: While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
b. Modifying Phrase: While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.

2) If the adverb clause does not exist yet, eliminate the subject and change the verb in the adverb clause is a form-ing.
Example:
a. Adverb clause: Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.
b. Modifying Phrase: Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.

Adverb clause can be transformed into Modifying Phrase if the subject of the adverb clause and the subject of playing the same clause.
Example:
A. Can be converted
• While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep While sitting in class BE, I fell asleep.
• While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep While sitting in class BE, Ann fell asleep.
• Since Mary Came to this country, she has made many friends BEING Since coming to this country, Mary has made many friends.
2. Can not be changed
• While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.
• While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us.

7. Clause of Condition
Clause that indicates the existence of requirements between the two events (events) are related. Usually made by using conjunctions such as if, even if, unless, in the event that, or in the event that, in case, Provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing ( that), etc..
Example:
• If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
• She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
• suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover Such a loss.
• In case a robbery Occurs in the hotel, the management must be Notified at once.
• The company will agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is called off at once.
• We should be Able to do the job for you Quickly, Provided (that) you give us all the Necessary information.

 Sumber : http://fhacassieopeia-changminizer.blogspot.com/2011/02/adverbial-clause.html